Rest and Activity Modification: Rest for a short period may help initially, but prolonged inactivity can worsen back pain. Gentle activities like walking and stretching can be beneficial.

Heat and Cold Therapy: Applying heat or cold packs to the affected area can help reduce inflammation and alleviate pain. Cold packs are typically used for acute injuries, while heat is more suitable for chronic conditions.

Over-the-Counter Pain Medications: Non-prescription medications like acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or naproxen can help reduce pain and inflammation. However, long-term use should be monitored by a healthcare professional.

Exercise and Physical Therapy: Strengthening exercises and stretching can help improve muscle support for the spine. Physical therapy may be recommended to address specific issues and improve overall flexibility and strength.

Posture Improvement: Maintaining good posture can help prevent and alleviate back pain. Ergonomic adjustments in your workspace and proper body mechanics when lifting can make a significant difference.

Weight Management: Maintaining a healthy weight reduces stress on the spine and can alleviate back pain.

Massage and Manual Therapy: Massage therapy and certain manual techniques may help relax tense muscles and improve circulation.

Alternative Therapies: Options such as acupuncture, chiropractic care, and yoga may provide relief for some individuals. Consult with a healthcare professional before trying alternative therapies.

Medications: In some cases, doctors may prescribe muscle relaxants, antidepressants, or other medications to manage back pain. These should be used under the supervision of a healthcare professional.

Injections: Corticosteroid injections may be recommended to reduce inflammation and provide temporary relief for certain conditions.

Surgery: Surgery is generally considered only when conservative treatments fail, and there is a clear structural issue that can be addressed, such as herniated discs or spinal stenosis.